Thursday, January 24, 2019

Difference between Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Analytical spectroscopy consists of two major categories of instruments, depending on atomic absorption and atomic emission. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectrometer is an example of an instrument atomic nuclear emission and atomic absorption spectrometer is an example that uses absorption energy, these instrument use technologies depend on the quantum mechanics, where electrons transmit separate transitions from the one energy stage to another stage.
The major difference between absorption and emission spectrum is as follows.
Absorption Spectra:
The spectrum acquires by transmitting electromagnetic radiation by a matter or substance called as absorption spectra. 
The electrons of an element which are in the ground stage can absorb the phenomena, energy to attain a higher energy state. The light frequencies are transmitted through this matter or substance, the dark band shows the absorbed light, form the absorption spectrum of the matter. 
Emission Spectra:
A spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a matter or substance called as emission spectra. 
At the point when heat, light is as energy given to a component or element, the electrons of its molecules or atoms acknowledge the energy and go to superior energy levels. But, these electrons have to emit energy to return to their ground conditions, as the excited state is not stable. In such a case, the emitted light frequency forms the emission spectrum. 


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Difference between Physical and Chemical Absorption

Physical absorption and chemical absorption are two types of absorption processes; the chemical reaction is dependent between solvent and solute.
Including the bulk properties of a liquid, solid or gas is a phenomenon of absorption. It includes the molecules or atoms that pass the surface and entering the material volume.
Physical absorption:
Physisorption or physical adsorption is a kind of adsorption that takes place in contact with a solid or liquid surface for most particles.
Chemical absorption:
Chemical absorption is a chemical reaction process among the absorbing substances and absorbed substances, it occurs when the molecules or atoms are absorbed.
Here are some points of difference between Physical and Chemical Absorption.

Physical Absorption
Chemical Absorption
It is a reversible process of absorption
It is an irreversible process of absorption
Equilibrium is achieved easily
Equilibrium is achieved gradually
Due to the forces of intermolecular van der Waal’s, physical absorption occurs
Due to the chemical bond formation, Chemical Absorption occurs
Less Heat of adsorption
The heat of adsorption is very large
Decreases with temperature rise
Increase with temperature rise
Increased pressure increases adsorption
The decrease in pressure doesn’t lead to desorption
Adsorbed easily if the gases are liquefiable easily, it depends on the nature of the gas.
Significantly specific and relies on the nature of the adsorbent and adsorbate
On the adsorbent surface, the multimolecular layers are formed
On the adsorbent surface, the unimolecular layers are formed


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Difference between Physical and Chemical Properties

Substances have their characteristics and properties through which we can recognize and classify them. The classification includes the physical and chemical properties of a particular matter.
Physical properties:
Physical properties can perceive and measured without any changes in the substance composition. Physical properties are utilized to observe and describe the substance.
Chemical properties:
Chemical properties are observed only throughout a chemical reaction and thus the matter changes the chemical composition.
Here are some points of difference between physical properties and chemical properties.

Physical properties
Chemical properties
No chemical reaction is required to demonstrate the property
The chemical reaction is required to demonstrate the property
Physical properties are measured without modifying in the chemical structure of the substance
Chemical properties can be measured by modifying the chemical composition of a matter.
There is no direct associate to the chemical bond of a matter
This is direct associate to the chemical bond of a matter
Chemical identity remains the same
Chemical identity changes
Without changing the identity of a matter it can be measured
Can be measured by changing the identity of a substance
It can change the physical condition but not the molecules
It involves the molecule changes
Whether or not depend on the quantity of the matter
It depends on the quantity of the substance.
Some examples of  physical properties include:
Molecular weight, Color, Texture, Shape Hardness, Malleability, Odor, Appearance, Solubility, Melting point, Freezing point, Boiling point, Density,  Mass, Viscosity, Temperature, etc.
Some examples of chemical properties include:
Toxicity, Reactivity, Viscosity, Chemical stability Flammability, Half-life, Compressibility, Oxidation states, Heat of combustion, Types of chemical bonds, Radioactivity (from an atom, emission of the radiation), etc.


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Difference between pH paper and litmus paper
Difference between pH meter and pH paper
Difference between blue and red litmus paper
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Difference between Physical and Chemical change

Definition of Physical Change:
Physical change is a method in which the substance encounters changes in its physical properties, for example, appearance, shape, color, size, etc. With which no change has been made in their molecular composition.
Definition of Chemical Change:
The chemical change is characterized as the procedure in which the particles or atoms are modified or added to form another new substance. When a matter passes through chemical changes, then the chemical properties of the substance change and it changes with different chemical composition into a different substance. Bubble formations, energy development, changes in temperature, changes in odor are few signs of chemical change.
Here are some points of difference between a physical change and chemical change. 

Physical Change
Chemical Change
Physical change is reversible
Physical change is irreversible
It is a process of temporary change
It is a process of permanent change.
Energy is not absorbed and developed in the process of physical change.
During the reaction of chemical change, energy absorption and development occurs.
It involves changes in the physical properties of that substance, i.e. Color, size,  shape, etc.
It involves changes in the substance, chemical properties, and composition.
In this process, the original matter is being able to be recovered
In this process, the original matter cannot able to be recovered
The new product is not formed in this process.
The new product is produced by this process.



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Difference between Physical Adsorption and Chemical Adsorption

Physical Adsorption:
Physisorption or Physical adsorption is a sort of adsorption that happens to most particles in contact with a liquid or solid surface.
Chemical Adsorption:
Adsorption is the adhering of a molecule to a surface. The adhering can be permanent, but usually with chemicals or, simply heating the surface can be reversed, it is complex to leave or break the surface of the particles, depending on whether the particle is physically or chemically absorbed.
Here are some points of difference between physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. 

Physical Adsorption
Chemical Adsorption
Particles are held because of the forces of vanderwaal's.
Molecules are held because of the forces of the chemical bond.
It doesn’t necessitate any activation energy.
It necessitates any activation energy.
This is a reversible process.
This is an irreversible process.
No surface compounds are formed in this process.
Surface compounds are formed in this process.
Usually, it is faster at lower temperatures and reduces with a rise in temperature.
Can be at a high temperature
In physical adsorption, on the surface of adsorbent form multilayer.
In chemical adsorption, form a unimolecular layer.
This is not very specific.
This is not highly specific.
The range of adsorption is almost related to the ease of gas.
There is no such correlation in this process.


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Difference between Absorption and Adsorption

Adsorption and absorption are the types of homophones, however, their significance and applications are different and therefore they cannot be replaced in the context of each other.
The most significant absorption and adsorption are that absorption is the strategy under which the solution is dissolved by every liquid. On the other hand, Adsorption is the strategy under which the molecule or ion from a substance holds to the flooring of the adsorbent.
Absorption:
Absorption is a bulk process that means in which the absorbate or substance is completely dispersed in the other medium, ex. Liquid, solid or gas. Due to the place in the matter, the absorbent material remains intact, but there is no chemical connection with each other. Once the absorbent is absorbed in another substance, it cannot be easily separated.
Adsorption:
Adsorption is the surface of the phenomenon, in this state, there is the adsorbate (solid, liquid or gas) deposited on another adsorbent which may be liquid or solid. In it, the absorbate is slackly absorbed with absorbent and it is classified as chemisorptions and physisorption.


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Difference between miscible and immiscible

In chemistry, a miscible liquid/mixture is a mixture that combines together completely to form a solution, these solutions don’t produce a meniscus and create a whole new solution. Two materials are called miscible if combined they will make a homogeneous mixture. Immiscible refers to the incapability to combine the two different liquids.
Miscible liquids:
Liquids which form together with a layer in all ratios, it means that they are soluble in all quantities and them are separate from the fractional distillation process. They are called miscible liquids.
Immiscible liquids:
The liquids that do not mix with each other and form different layers, which are separated using a funnel, they are called immiscible liquids.


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Difference between Solubility and Miscibility

Solubility:
The solubility is more common word than miscibility, solubility is the ability of a solute or substance to dissolved or soluble in the solvent or liquid. The amount of solute that is soluble in the liquid generally has a limit, which depends on the type of solute and solvent.
Miscibility:
The miscibility is the ability of a liquid solute to become dissolved or homogenous in another liquid solvent when two liquids are mixed with each other (ex. Water: Ethanol).
The Miscible liquid is also described as the liquids which can mix to form a homogeneous solution and they can be mixed without the limit, which means they are soluble in all quantities.


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Difference between Diffusion and Effusion

Whereas some quantity of gas is released in a large area from a small area with some low pressure, in which the gas either effuses or diffuses. The primary dissimilarity among diffusion and effusion is the interrupt which filters the gas as it runs among the two volumes.
Diffusion:
Diffusion is a process of particles going into the area of high to the low concentration. The rate of this movement is an act of particle size, temperature, and medium viscosity. There are a number of molecules or atoms in the gas, which are in regular quick motion, in which randomness occurs with many collisions with each other and container walls.
Effusion:
Not only does gaseous particle travel with kinetic energy which is high, since their little size empowers them to travel through small openings also; This process is recognized as an effusion. For the occurrence of effusion, the molecules have greater than the diameter of the hole. The hole of the opening should be smaller than the free path since the gas can be back and forward through the hole.


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Difference between Diffusion and Osmosis

Here are some points mentioned that show the difference between diffusion and osmosis.
Diffusion: Diffusion is the particle movement from the higher concentration area to the lower concentration.
It is a passive process.
  • Any kind of substance goes from the area of the highest energy or from the concentration to the lowest energy area.
  • The diffusion can be occurring in every medium (solid, liquid or gas).
  • A semi-permeable membrane is not required for diffusion.
  • Diffusion does not rely on the pressure potential, solute potential.
  • Diffusion for the mostly relies upon the presence of different particles.

Osmosis: Osmosis is the solvent particle movement over a membrane of semi penetrable into a concentrated solution from a dilute solution.
  • Osmosis is also a passive process.
  • Just the water or any other solvent are traveling from the area of high concentration to the area of low concentration.
  • Osmosis happens just in the liquid medium.
  • A semi-permeable membrane is required for osmosis.
  • Osmosis relies on the potential of solute.
  • Osmosis depends largely on the number of solute particles which dissolves in the solvent.



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Difference between Dissolution and Diffusion

Dissolution is a process by which an oral solid dosage form (tablet, capsule, etc.) dissolves in a given solvent or Quantity of a solid substance that reaches into solution in a per unit time. The dissolution test performs with the help of an instrument called a Dissolution test apparatus, which is available in different types such as Basket type and Paddle Type (USP, BP, and IP). It consists of a bath, vessels, rotating motor, temperature controller, etc.
Diffusion is a process of mass transit of molecules, which are brought by random molecular motion associated with a driving force such as concentration gradients. Diffusion testing is used to measure the release rate test of an API or sample in the form of semisolid as it permeates the solution through the membrane of the skin. The diffusion study performs on the device called a Diffusion cell, This device has a water-jacketed cell, membrane, and receptor media chamber to remove the drug sample and can be analyzed.


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