Learn how to make different concentrations of molar and normal sulphuric acid solutions, which are needed for many applications such as research, practical, pharmaceutical, chemical laboratory and industries, etc.
The density of sulfuric acid 98% is 1.84
The molecular weight of H2SO4 is 98.07 g/mol.
The normality of sulphuric acid is 36.8 (N).
Generally, 98% purity of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is supplied in the market by vendors.
Because acid is a liquid, we must also consider density: density = mass/volume, which is stated on the label of bottle to be 1.84 g/ml. Therefore we have: volume = 98g / 1.84(g/ml) = 53.2 ml.
Now consider the acid purity, which is normally 98 percent, and proceed as: If the acid were 100 percent pure, convert in ml with a purity of 98 percent, therefore 100 percent x 53.2 ml / 98 % = 54.3 ml of (98%) concentrated acid.
We can use the below normality equation to prepare different normality of H2SO4:
(Conc. H2SO4) N1 V1 = N2 V2 (1N H2SO4)
36.8N x V1 = ?N x 1000 ml
We can use the dilution formula (98% X ml? =? % X 100) for the preparation of percent volume by volume solutions.
Requirements of glassware and apparatus:
Beaker, pipette, pipette bulb, volumetric flask, measuring cylinder, glass rod, distilled water, concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
How to prepare 0.005 M sulphuric acid:
Using a pipette, carefully mix 0.27 ml of concentrated H2SO4 with 500 ml of distilled water in a 1-liter volumetric flask. Make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water and properly mixed it.
How to prepare 0.1 M sulphuric acid:
Using a pipette, carefully mix 05.43 ml of concentrated H2SO4 with 500 ml of distilled water in a 1-liter volumetric flask. Make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water and properly mixed it.
How to prepare 0.5 molar H2SO4:
In a volumetric flask of 1 liter, using a pipette take 27.15 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid in 500 ml of distilled water, and properly mixing it. Allow to cool at room temperature, make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water.
1 M sulphuric acid solution preparation:
In a volumetric flask of 1 liter, using a pipette take 54.30 ml of concentrated H2SO4 in 500 ml of distilled water, and properly mixing it. Allow to cool at room temperature, make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water.
How to prepare 2 molar solution of sulphuric acid:
In a volumetric flask of 1 liter, using a pipette take 108.60 ml of concentrated H2SO4 in 500 ml of distilled water, and properly mixing it. Allow to cool at room temperature, make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water.
5 M sulphuric acid preparation:
Using a pipette, carefully mix 27.15 ml of concentrated H2SO4 with 50 ml of distilled water in a 100 ml volumetric flask. Allow cooling at room temperature and make up the volume up to 100 ml with distilled water and properly mixed it.
How to prepare 0.1 N sulphuric acid:
Using a pipette, carefully dissolve 2.72 ml of concentrated H2SO4 with 500 ml of distilled water in a 1-liter volumetric flask. Make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water and properly mixed it.
How to prepare 0.5 normal H2SO4:
Using a pipette, carefully dissolve 13.60 ml of concentrated H2SO4 with 500 ml of distilled water in a 1-liter volumetric flask. Make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water and properly mixed
How to prepare 1 N sulphuric acid solution:
In a volumetric flask of 1 liter, using a pipette take 27.20 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid in 500 ml of distilled water, and properly mixing it. Allow to cool at room temperature, make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water.
How to prepare 2 N sulphuric acid solution:
In a volumetric flask of 1 liter, using a pipette take 13.60 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid in 200 ml of distilled water, and properly mixing it. Allow to cool at room temperature, make up the volume to 250 ml with distilled water.
How to prepare 10% sulphuric acid solution:
Take 10.20 ml of sulfuric acid and add 500 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask, and make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water.
Note:
- Sulfuric acid is an extremely dangerous acid upon contact. Therefore follow laboratory safety measures (SOP) and please use extreme caution when preparing the solution concentrations.
- When making acid solutions, it is recommended that always add (gradually) acid to water.
- Since concentrated H2SO4 is toxic when inhaled, it should always be handled in a fume hood.
- When handling H2SO4, always wear a chemical-resistant apron, gloves, and goggles to protect your eyes and skin.
- Acid should be kept in a special cabinet made of wood. Since metal corrode rapidly when exposed to sulphuric acid vapors, wooden cabinets are better than metal cabinets for acid storage.
- If acid splashes on your skin or in your eyes, wash it off with water for 15 to 20 minutes.
References:
- Acid & Base Normality and Molarity Calculator. Available Here
- ‘Making Solutions’. SEASTAR CHEMICALS, Available Here
- Wikipedia contributors. (2022, January 14). Sulfuric acid. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available Here
- What Is the Normality of 2M H2SO4 Class 11 Chemistry CBSE. Available Here
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