The major difference between emulsion and suspension is that the suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the dispersed particles are large and settle on standing, whereas the emulsion is a heterogeneous mixture of two immiscible liquids in which the dispersed particles do not settle on standing.
Suspensions:
The pharmaceutical suspension is a biphasic liquid or semi-solid dosage form, in which insoluble solid drug particles are homogeneously dispersed in a liquid or semi-solid medium. The internal phase is uniformly distributed in the external phase, resulting in a coarse dispersion. The internal phase is ranging in size from 0.5 to 5 m, while the external phase, which is generally aqueous in some instances, can be an organic or oily liquid for non-oral use.
The pharmaceutical suspensions are classified into four major parts according to their pharmaceutical use i.e. oral suspensions, parenteral suspensions, ophthalmic suspensions and, suspensions for external use.
- A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of large dispersed particles that settle upon standing.
- The size of suspended particles more than 1000 nm, and is visible to the naked eye.
- It can scatter light or opaque.
- For the stability of the formulation, suspending agents are needed.
- Both orally and topically applications are also possible with compounded suspensions.
- Freezing should be avoided during storage as it will lead to aggregation.
- Suspension dosage forms are also opaque when mixed but on standing, it's clear and separate.
- It can be filtered out.
- Solid particles are dispersed in any medium, which can be solid, liquid, or gas.
Emulsions:
The pharmaceutical emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable system that consists of two immiscible liquid phases, one of which is dispersed as globules within the other and is stabilized by a third substance known as an emulsifying agent. An example of an emulsion is oil and water they are immiscible and when mixed and shaken form emulsions.
Pharmaceutical emulsions are classified into two types 1. Oil in a water type (o/w), 2. Water in oil type (w/o).
- An emulsion is a heterogeneous mixture of two immiscible liquids and a type of colloid and dispersed particles, which do not settle upon standing.
- The dispersed particles range in size from 1 to 1000 nm and are invisible to naked eyes.
- It can show the Tyndall effect
- For the stability of the formulation, emulsifying agents are needed.
- Topical and oral applications are also possible with compounded emulsions.
- Freezing should be avoided during storage as it leads to cracking.
- Emulsion dosage forms are opaque in appearance.
- It cannot be filtered out.
- The dispersed medium and dispersed phase in the emulsion are both liquids.
- Two substances in any phase of matter, such as solid, liquid, or gas, can be contained in a suspension, whereas an emulsion consists of only two immiscible liquids.
- In emulsification, only stabilization is possible where you can make the emulsion more stable by using an emulsifier.
- To increase product stability, emulsifying agents are required for emulsion, while suspending agents are required for suspension.
- Suspensions are simple to separate, while emulsions may or may not be, it is depending on the state of matter in which particles are present in either of them.
Commonly asked questions on dosage forms are as follows.
What are the types of liquid dosage forms?
The liquid dosage forms are divided into two types based on phase: monophasic liquid dosage form and biphasic liquid dosage form. Some examples of liquid dosage forms are liniments, lotions, solution, draughts, syrups, linctuses, creams, mixtures, drops, mouthwashes, douches, elixirs, and eye drops, etc.
Is milk an emulsion or suspension?
Since the fat globules in milk are suspended in water, milk is oil in water emulsion.
What are the different routes of drug administration?
A route of administration is the path by which medication is taken into the body. Oral, enteral, parenteral (injection), topical, rectal, ocular, otic, sublingual, and buccal are some of the routes of drug administration.
What is the advantage of pharmaceutical suspension?
The one of the major advantage of suspension dosage form is that it has a higher bioavailability rate than other dosage forms.
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