The oral dosage forms are usually the most convenient choice and are preferred delivery due to its offers several advantages over different other administration of a drug.
The dosage form is formulations or pharmaceutical preparations in which a particular combination of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and excipients is presented in a unique mixture to make accurate and easy administration and delivery of medication.
Dosage forms are how active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) are delivered to places of action within the body. Taking medication by the oral route is one of the most preferred routes as it is a simple, convenient, and easy way to take medication for any patient.
The solid oral dosage forms contain tablets, capsules, granules, powders, sachets, orally dispersible films, etc., and liquid oral dosage forms and semi solids dosage forms contain solutions, emulsion, suspensions, syrups, dispersions, semi-solid, soft gel, etc.
Advantages of oral dosage forms:
- The major advantage of oral dosage forms is that it is the most natural, convenient and the simplest way to administer medicines.
- The oral dosage forms provide an accurate dose of the medication in the form of tablets, capsules, caplets, granules, powders, liquid, oral suspension, syrup, oral drop, and oral solution, etc.
- Oral medications are easy to formulate and produce in the pharmaceutical industry and economical for packaging, transport, and storage as compared to other types of dosage forms.
- As compared to parenteral, sublingual, buccal, inhalation, topical dosage forms, oral dosage are economical, painless and suitable for any patient, whatever the age is.
- Self-administration of oral dosage forms is possible, also for children and elderly patients.
- It can be prepared as an immediate, delayed, sustained, extended, and controlled release drug delivery system.
- A large number of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and excipients are available to a formulated wide variety of medications according to requirements.
- It provides chemical and physical stability in atmospheric conditions such as moisture, air, and light, etc.
Disadvantages of oral dosage forms:
- The major disadvantage of oral dosage forms is that due to of bitter and unpleasant taste and odor of some drugs it is difficult to formulate with a pleasant taste and.
- Oral medication is not suitable for the uncooperative, unconscious patients and is also not suitable for the patient with a gastrointestinal disorder such as constipation, diarrhea, ulceration, and hyper-acidity in the stomach.
- Children and elderly patients experience discomfort and avoid swallowing.
- It is not suitable for drugs that are liable to inactivation or destruction in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
- Some of the drugs can cause gastric irritation in the digestive system when administered orally.
- Compared to a solid oral dosage form, a liquid oral dosage form needs to measure volume that can change the dosage of the drug.
Commonly asked questions on dosage forms are as follows.
What is the importance of dosage forms?
Dosage forms are important as they usually specify which way a particular medication should be administered. For example oral, injection, rectal, nasal, transdermal, inhalation, topical, etc.
What are the different routes of administration?
The dosage forms come in several types and they reach the site of action using the different route of administration. Oral, topical, rectal, parenteral, sublingual, buccal, transdermal, inhalation and nasal are the commonly used routes of drug administration.
What is the classification of dosage forms based on the physical form?
They are classified according to the route of administration and physical form. According to physical form, the dosage forms are classifieds into solid dosage forms, semisolid dosage forms, liquid dosage forms, and gaseous dosage forms.
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