Sources of error in titration

Titration also known as volumetric analysis or titrimetry is a method of determining the concentration of an unknown solution. It is a quantitative technique in which a reaction between the titrant and titrand takes place. The titrant is the substance whose concentration is known, and the titrand or analyte is the compound to be tested.

The endpoint of the reaction is detected using an indicator; this indicator changes the color of the solution. In chemistry, different types of titrations, such as acid-base, precipitation complexometric, and redox titrations, are used for various purposes and pharmaceutical research.

Titration is a highly sensitive analytical technique that allows us to determine the concentration of an unknown sample in solution by introducing a compound with a known concentration. Therefore, it must be carried out precisely to get the desired results.

Possible sources of errors in titration:

There are two different kinds of titration errors: random errors and systematic errors. Errors in titration can be caused by several different things, including human error and some of the other things that are listed below.

• Misinterpretation of colors
• End Point Error
• Misreading the volume
• Use of contaminated solutions
• Using solutions with the incorrect concentration
• Using the wrong amount of indicator
• Improper use of equipment
• Use of contaminated glassware
• Inaccurate weight of material (Balance/weighing error)
• Using the wrong solution to rinse the pipette and/or burette
• Incorrectly filling the burette with liquid
• Not transferring all solids or liquids while preparing samples
• Transferring excess or less volume of liquid
• Use of wrong chemicals or reagents
• Performing the titration at the wrong temperature
• Leakage in Burette
• Use of the wrong procedure
• The accuracy of volumetric glassware
• Use of the same glassware for two different substances

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ):

What do you mean by percentage error?

A percentage error represents the difference between the estimated value and the actual value, represented as a percentage. In other words, the percent error is the relative error multiplied by 100.

What is a titration error?

An error in titration is the difference between a titration's endpoint and an equivalence point. The volume of the endpoint that is higher or lower than the equivalence point is referred to as the titration error. The endpoint of the titration is the color change observed at the end of the reaction.

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