Learn how to make different concentrations of molar and normal sodium carbonate solutions, which are needed for many applications such as research, practical, pharmaceutical, chemical laboratory, industries, etc.
Sodium carbonate is an inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3. It is also known as washing soda, soda ash, and soda crystals. Sodium carbonate is a basic salt. All of its forms are white, odorless, water-soluble salts that make solutions in water that are moderately alkaline.
In the structure of Na2CO3, each molecule of sodium carbonate has one carbon atom, two sodium atoms, and three oxygen atoms. Each Sodium cation has a positive charge, while each Carbonate anion has a negative charge. Sodium carbonate is a molecule that has no charge because of this.
Generally, a solid form of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in different-sized packs is supplied in the market by vendors in the form of white solid, hygroscopic powder.
The molecular weight of Na2CO3 is 105.9888 g/mol (anhydrous).
The melting point of Na2CO3 is 851 °C
The density of Na2CO3 is 2.54 g/cm3 (25 °C, anhydrous)
The solubility of Na2CO3 is: soluble in water and slightly soluble in aqueous alcohol
Requirements of glassware, chemicals, and apparatus:
Digital balance, beaker, pipette, pipette bulb, volumetric flask, measuring cylinder, glass rod, funnel, distilled water, AR/LR grade sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), etc.
Calculation method:
Molecular weight sodium carbonate – (23×2) + 12 + (3×16) = 46 + 12 + 48 = 106 gm
Normality = Weight / Equivalent weight × 1000 / Volume (in ml)
0.1 = (X/106/2) × (1000 / 500)
0.1 = (X × 2 / 106 ) × (1000 / 500)
X = 0.1 × 53 × 0.5 = 2.65 gm
X = 2.65 gm
Therefore, to make a 0.1 N solution of sodium carbonate, dilute 2.65 gm of Na2CO3 in 500 ml of distilled water.
How to prepare a 0.05N sodium carbonate solution
Weigh accurately 02.65 gm of Na2CO3 and dissolve in 250 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 0.1N sodium carbonate solution
Weigh accurately 05.30 gm of Na2CO3 and dissolve in 500 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 0.2N sodium carbonate solution
Weigh accurately 10.60 gm of Na2CO3 and dissolve in 500 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 0.25N Na2CO3 solution
Weigh accurately 06.63 gm of sodium carbonate and dissolve in 250 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 500 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 0.5N sodium carbonate solution
Weigh accurately 26.50 gm of sodium carbonate and dissolve in 400 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 01 liters with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 1N sodium carbonate solution
Weigh accurately 13.25 gm of Na2CO3 and dissolve in 100 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 250 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 2N sodium carbonate solution
Weigh accurately 26.50 gm of sodium carbonate and dissolve in 100 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 250 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 3N sodium carbonate solution
Weigh accurately 39.75 gm of Na2CO3 and dissolve in 100 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 250 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How do you make a 2% sodium carbonate solution
Weigh accurately 02.00 gm of Na2CO3 and dissolve in 50 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 5% sodium carbonate solution
Weigh accurately 05.00 gm of Na2CO3 and dissolve in 50 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How do you make a 7% sodium carbonate solution
Weigh accurately 07.00 gm of Na2CO3 solid powder and dissolve in 50 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 10% sodium carbonate solution
Weigh accurately 10.00 gm of sodium carbonate and dissolve in 50 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How do you make a 20% solution of Na2CO3?
Weigh accurately 20.00 gm of sodium carbonate and dissolve in 50 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
PRECAUTIONS:
- Sodium carbonate is hygroscopic in nature it should be stored in a tightly closed container.
- Stir a little amount of sodium carbonate into a large volume of water at a time, and then dilute the solution.
- When making sodium carbonate solutions, it is recommended that always use distilled water.
- Wear protective gloves, clothing, eye protection, and face protection.
- Wash your hands/skin thoroughly after handling.
- Solutions of sodium carbonate are highly alkaline and corrosive. Contact can cause serious skin and eye irritation. Therefore should be handled with care, follow laboratory safety measures (SOP/Procedure), and please use extreme caution when preparing the solution concentrations.
References:
- Indian Pharmacopoeia : 1996
- Wikipedia contributors. (2022, July 1). Sodium carbonate. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available Here:
- What Is the Difference between Molarity and Normality? Westlab. Available Here:
- Making Percent Solutions Of Chemicals, Available Here:
- Topic;- preparation properties and uses of sodium carbonate, Available Here:
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