Different types of Column Chromatography

Learn the four major types of column chromatography used to separate different types of samples.

The column chromatography is a type of chromatography it is one of the most effective separation techniques. Stationary phase (adsorbent) either silica gel or alumina is used and filled from the top of the column. The mobile phase is either solvent or a combination of solvents, passed along the sample through the stationary phase. The separation of the components depends on their polarity, as the polar compounds travel slowly through the column. This means that polar compounds absorb more strongly than non-polar.

Based on the stationary phase, there are four types of column chromatography available, and they are working on a different mechanism.
There are different types of column chromatography as follows.
1. Adsorption chromatography.
2. Ion-exchange chromatography
3. Partition chromatography
4. Gel chromatography

1. Adsorption chromatography:

Adsorption chromatography is based on the interaction on active sites and polarity of solid molecules and analytes at the stationary phase. Since the polarity of the stationary phase than the mobile phase is more polar, then the high polar compounds will remain firm until the stationary phase, while the low polar compounds will be tied less than the stationary phase. Compared with firmly bound compounds, the less-bound compounds will be eluted by the first mobile stage, so this technique proves that polar like polar.

2. Ion-exchange chromatography:

Ion-exchange chromatography is a method that permits ions and polar molecules to be separated on the basis of their charge. It can be used for about any type of charge molecule contains large amino acids and proteins. It is regularly used in quality control, water analysis, and protein purification.

3. Partition chromatography:

components are distinguished between the stationary and mobile phase, In the Partition chromatography, the stationary phase and the mobile phase both are liquid.

4. The gel chromatography:

The gel chromatography column is packed with gel in which the separation takes place. The stationary phase of gel chromatography is a solvent. 

Commonly asked questions on column chromatography is as follows.

Which principle is involved in column chromatography?
The adsorption of analytes of a sample through a stationary phase and separating the mixture into individual components is the basic principle involved in column chromatography.

What is the main advantage of column chromatography?
All types of the complex sample mixture can be separated using column chromatography, which is the major advantage of column chromatography.

Which compound elutes first in column chromatography?
First, there is a non-polar molecule has eluted from the column, since the non-polar molecules travel rapidly through the stationary phase.

What are the 4 main types of chromatography?
The four primary types of chromatography are liquid chromatography (HPTLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), and paper chromatography.

What are the major applications of column chromatography?
The applications of column chromatography consist of isolation compound mixtures, active ingredients, identification of solutes, and used to remove impurities.


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