The basic purpose of titration is to determine the unknown concentration of analyte in a sample using an analytical technique.
OR
Titration is used to determine the equivalence point, the point at which chemically equivalent amounts of reactants are mixed.
What is titration and why is it useful?
Titration, commonly known as the volumetric or titrimetry method, is quantitative chemical analysis. It is a frequently used analytical technique in chemical laboratories for estimating the concentration of a solute in a sample solution because of its various applications and advantages. In chemistry, titration is important because it allows precise measurement of the analyte concentrations in solution.
Titration is useful in pharmaceutical analysis, wastewater analysis, environmental analysis, food industry, beverage industry, and classes of chemistry since it allows for the accurate determination of compound’s concentration and can be performed in a variety of reactions, including acid-base, redox, complexometric, and precipitation reactions.
Titration involves three essential elements: Titrant, which is a liquid with known molarity or normality, titrand, which is the sample or liquid that needs to be measured, and a calibrated apparatus (burette) for dispensing the titrant into the titrand drop by drop. When the titration reached an endpoint or equivalence point, the volume of the titrant was used to calculate the unknown concentration. Usually, an indicator is used to determine the endpoint of the titration.
Purpose of titration:
The basic purpose of titration is to determine the unknown concentration of analyte in a sample using an analytical technique.
OR
The objective of the titration is to find the equivalence point; it is a point where chemically equivalent amounts of reactants are mixed. The amount of reactants mixed at the equivalence point depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction.
The most common purpose of titrations is generally used to determine an unknown concentration of a component (Solute) in a solution by reacting it with another compound's solution (Titrant). The concentration of the analyte can be calculated using the titrant's known concentration, the volume of titrant added, and the reaction's stoichiometry.In addition, titrations can be used for a variety of purposes, including:
- To determine the molarity of a solution with an unknown concentration
- To find out the mass of an acid or a basic salt
- To determine the degree of purity of a solid
- To find out what percentage mass of a solute is in a sample solution
What is the main purpose of acid-base titrations?
An acid-base titration is a commonly used method of determining the unknown concentration of an acid or base by accurately neutralizing it with a known concentration of acid or base. This allows us to quantitatively analyze the concentration of the unknown solution.
E.g. Titration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) by using phenolphthalein indicator. Strong acid-strong base, weak acid-strong base, strong acid-weak base, and weak acid-weak base are the 4 types of acid-base titration.
What is the purpose of redox titration?
Redox titration, also known as oxidation-reduction titration, can precisely measure the concentration of an unknown solute, by measuring against a standardized titrant. The objective of redox titration is to determine the concentration of an unknown sample solution (analyte) containing an oxidizing or reducing agent.
E.g. Titration of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) against oxalic acid. Permanganometry, iodometry/iodimetry, cerimetry, direct titration, and back titration are the types of redox titration.
What is the purpose of complexometric titration?
Complexometric titrations are mainly used to determine metal ions by using complex-forming reactions. It is a volumetric analysis because analyte, titrant, and even the volume of the indicator all play a part in the titration.
E.g. determination of water hardness using EDTA with Eriochrome black-T. Direct, back, indirect, and replacement are the types of complexometric titration.
What is the purpose of precipitation titration?
Precipitation titration is a type used to determine chloride using silver ions, in which the analyte and titrant react to form a precipitate throughout the titration process.
Precipitation titration is used to determine the halide ions, to analyze various drugs, to measure salt content in various food, beverages, and water, and also used in the pharmaceuticals industries. Volhard’s, Fajan’s, and Mohr's methods are the types of precipitation titration.
What is the purpose of blank titration?
Blank determination is a technique that follows all steps of the analysis but without the use of a sample. The purpose of blank titration is to make sure that either the solvent doesn't contain substances that could react with the titrant. This allows us to estimate the amount of error that will occur during the actual titration experiment is conducted.
What is the purpose of indicator in titration?
Compounds that change color when exposed to acidic or basic solutions are known as an indicator. The purpose of an indicator in a titration is to detect the endpoint of the titration by changing color where pH change occurs. E.g. Methyl orange turns red in an acidic medium, while it turns yellow in basic conditions.
What is the purpose of standardization in titration?
Before beginning the titration, we standardize the titrant each time. The purpose of standardization is to determine the exact concentration of a prepared solution. For a standardization process, a standard solution that is filled into the burette is required as a reference. There are two types of standard solutions: primary standard solutions and secondary standard solutions.
What is the purpose of two concurrent readings in titration?
The term concurrent reading refers to the same value each time a titration with the same solution is performed. The purpose of two or three concurrent readings in titration is to ensure the reproducibility of results.
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