Chromatography is one of the well-known technique for the separation of components for qualitative and quantitative analysis on the basis of the relative quantity of each solute distributed among a stationary and mobile phase. The mobile phase can be either liquid or gas, whereas the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid.
The mixture of different components enters a process of chromatography and various analytes are passed through the system at dissimilar rates. These disparity rates of migration provide a separation when the mixture moves on the adsorptive materials. These differential rates of analytes provide different when the mixture of sample runs on the adsorptive material. Frequent actions of sorption or desorption occurring during sample movement on the stationary bed determine the rates.
• Having more adsorption in the stationary phase, the molecule or component will slowly move through the column.
• Having higher solubility in the mobile phase, then the molecule or component will move faster through the column.
So, the dissimilarity between the mentioned factors determines the differential rates, on which various components can travel through a column. The solubility and adsorption of a component will be modified by selecting the suitable mobile phase stationary phase. All chromatographic separation works under the identical basic principle; each component interacts with other chemical species in an attribute manner. Due to the difference in affinities to different analytes for the stationary and mobile phase used chromatography separates a sample.
The principle of implementing chromatography that is used as a method of quantitative analysis in addition to its separation is to have an acceptable separation within an appropriate time period. There are different types of chromatography method are developed, some of them include thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography, paper chromatography, column chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), affinity chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography.
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