Buffer capacity is also known as buffer efficiency, buffer value, buffer coefficient, and buffer index. Buffer capacity of a solution is determined the magnitude of resistance to a pH in adding to an acid or base. Buffer capacity relies on the concentration of the buffer components. The highest concentration of the pair of conjugate acid-base is the higher the buffer capacity. If there is not an adequate amount buffer available as compared to the acid/base added, the buffer can be swamped, and the pH of the sample solution will significantly change. The concentrations buffer should be adequately large by the amount of acid or base. Buffer's capacity is measured by the definite quantity of acids and salt.
The buffer capacity basically relies on two factors:
- The proportion of the salt to the acid or base.
- Total buffer concentration.
Factors that affect buffer capacity:
- The relative concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate.
- The concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
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