Column chromatography is a type of chromatography used to separate and purification of sample components. It is a solid-liquid method where the solid stationary phase and mobile phase is a liquid that is used in the process of separation. The principle of column chromatography is based on the differential adsorption of the analytes by the adsorbent.
The stationary phase of column chromatography is the adsorbent, generally it is a solid (adsorption) or a liquid (partition) material used in the stationary phase depends on the compounds want to separate. Generally, silica, alumina, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, starch, and magnesium are used. Solvent or mobile phase selection is dependent on both the solvent and the adsorbent nature. The rate of separation of the analytes of a sample mixture depends on the solvent polarity and activity of the adsorbent. If the adsorbent activity is high and the polarity of the solvent is low, the separation is very slow however providing a good separation.
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