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Tuesday, October 16, 2018

What is column chromatography?

Column chromatography is one of the most significant methods of separating, testing the purity of organic compounds, and purifying solids and liquids. It is often used on a small scale or large scale. This is the most significant technique in chemistry in terms of the identification and characterization of the complex mixture of the components. In column chromatography, Adsorbent is a stationary phase, which is either silica gel or alumina and fills in the glass column. Adsorbent, which is used as a stationary phase in column chromatography, is polar, for the separation, an eluent is used, Eluent is a solvent or a mobile phase which is passed through the column. The separation of the sample depends on the polarity of the component since polar compounds do not travel rapidly through the column. This means that polar compounds adsorb more strongly to alumina or silica gel than less polar. The less polar spends more time in the solvent and therefore rinses through the column very fast.
Principle of column chromatography: The sample mixture is dissolved in the mobile phase and introduced over the column. The components are travel and separated according to the affinity towards the stationary phase.
Different types of column chromatography: Adsorption column chromatography, ion-exchange column chromatography, partition column chromatography, gel column chromatography are the types of column chromatography.
Applications of column chromatography: Isolation and purification of alkaloids, vitamins, glycosides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other active constituents. 

 

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