Learn how to make different concentrations of molar and normal potassium chloride solutions, which are needed for many applications such as research, practical, pharmaceutical, chemical laboratory, industries, etc.
Potassium chloride, often referred to as KCl or potassium salt, is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine anions in the ratio of 1:1. It has the appearance of a vitreous crystal that is either white or colorless and odorless.
Generally, it is mostly used in the agriculture industry for the production of crop fertilizers, as well as is also applied in the field of medicine (Pharmaceutical), food processing, and in scientific applications.
Generally, a solid form of potassium chloride (KCl) in different-sized packs is supplied in the market by vendors in the form of white crystalline solid powder.
The molecular weight of KCl is 74.555 g·mol−1
The melting point of KCL is 770°C
The density of KCl is 1.984 g/cm3
The solubility of KCl: Soluble in water, highly soluble in alcohols, and insoluble in ether
Requirements of glassware, chemicals, and apparatus:
Digital balance, beaker, pipette, pipette bulb, volumetric flask, measuring cylinder, glass rod, funnel, distilled water, AR/LR grade potassium chloride (KCl), etc.
Calculation method:
Example: To prepare 1 m KCl with a final volume of 250 ml, we can calculate using the formula below.
Molar mass KCl = 39.1+35.45 = 74.55 g/mol,
Mol KCl needed to make 250 mL of 1 M solution:
mol = 250 mL / 1000 mL/L x 1 mol /L = 0.25 mol KCl
Mass KCl required = 0.25 mol * 74.55 g/mol = 18.6375 g KCl
Therefore, to make a 01 M solution of KCl, dilute 18.63 gm of potassium chloride in 250 ml of distilled water.
Similarly, we can use the above method to determine the weight of KCl that is required to prepare any molarity/normality solution, as 0.1 N KCl is the same as 0.1 M KCl.
How to prepare a 0.02M KCl solution
Weigh accurately 01.49 gm of potassium chloride and dissolve in 250 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare a 0.05M KCl solution
Weigh accurately 3.73 gm of potassium chloride and dissolve in 250 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 0.1M KCl solution
Weigh accurately 07.45 gm of potassium chloride and dissolve in 500 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare a 0.2M KCl solution
Weigh accurately 14.90 gm of potassium chloride and dissolve in 500 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare a 0.25M potassium chloride solution
Weigh accurately 18.63 gm of KCl and dissolve it in 750 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 1 liter with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 0.5M KCl solution
Weigh accurately 09.31 gm of KCl and dissolve it in 150 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 250 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 1M KCl solution
Weigh accurately 74.55 gm of potassium chloride and dissolve it in 100 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 1000 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 2M KCl solution
Weigh accurately 14.91 gm of KCl and dissolve it in 50 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 3M KCl solution
Weigh accurately 22.36 gm of potassium chloride and dissolve it in 70 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare 4m KCl solution
Weigh accurately 29.82 gm of potassium chloride and dissolve it in 70 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How do you make a 2% KCl solution?
Weigh accurately 02.00 gm of potassium chloride and dissolve it in 50 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to prepare a 5% KCl solution
Weigh accurately 05.00 gm of potassium chloride and dissolve it in 50 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How do you make a 7% potassium chloride solution?
Weigh accurately 07.00 gm of KCl solid powder and dissolve in 50 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How to make 10% KCl solution
Weigh accurately 10.00 gm of KCl and dissolve in 80 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
How do you make a 20% solution of potassium chloride?
Weigh accurately 20.00 gm of potassium chloride and dissolve in 50 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask. Once it has completely dissolved, make up the volume to 100 ml with distilled water, and properly mix it.
PRECAUTIONS:
- KCl crystals are hygroscopic in nature and should be stored in a tightly closed, cool, and dry place.
- Stir a little amount of KCl into a large volume of water at a time, and then dilute the solution.
- When making KCl solutions, it is recommended that always use distilled water.
- Wear protective gloves, clothing, eye protection, and face protection.
- Wash your hands/skin thoroughly after handling.
- Handled the chemicals with care, follow laboratory safety measures (SOP), and please use extreme caution when preparing the solution concentrations.
References:
- Wikipedia contributors. (2022, August 27). Potassium chloride. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available Here:
- USP Pharmacopoeia: USP29–NF24 Page 1762, Available Here:
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