The major difference between sustained and controlled release dosage forms is that in sustained medication the dose is maintained over a long period and the release of the drug is not fixed per unit time, however, in controlled forms, the release of the drug is very definite per unit time. Whereas, in controlled drug delivery drug is delivered locally or systematically at a predetermined rate for a specified time.
The drug is effective only when it arrives at the site of action therefore a variety of dosage forms and routes of administration are used to deliver the drug. The dosage form of a pharmaceutical product refers to its method of entering or delivering a biological system. The dosage forms are classified according to the physical form and route of administration.
According to physical form, the dosage forms are classifieds into solid dosage forms, semisolid, liquid, and gaseous dosage forms. According to the route of drug administration, the dosage forms are classifieds into oral, parenteral (injection), inhalation, topical, sublingual, rectal, nasal, buccal, and transdermal routes administration, etc.
Sustained release dosage form:
The purpose of sustained-release dosage forms is to release drugs at a predetermined rate so that a constant concentration of drugs is maintained for a specific time, according to the needs of the body throughout the treatment period.
The major advantage of developing sustained-release formulations is to modify and increase the performance of drug by increasing the time of drug action, reduce the frequency of dosing, reducing side effects, reducing the required dose employed, and providing the shortest possible time using the smallest amount of medication administered by the most appropriate route.
Controlled release dosage form:
Controlled drug delivery is that which delivers the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) systematically or locally at a predetermined rate for a prescribed time. The controlled release drug delivery system employs drug encapsulating devices that allow for the controlled release of the drug over longer periods, which can range from days to months.
Controlled-release systems provide a sustained-release profile as well, but unlike sustained-release drug delivery systems, they are formulated or designed to produce predictable constant concentrations of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), independently of the biological environment of the application site. This means that, unlike the sustained-release system, they are controlling the concentration of an active ingredient in the target tissue or blood, not just the release of the drug from the dosage form.
Here are some of the points of difference between sustained and controlled release dosage forms are mentioned.
- sustained release dosage forms follow first-order kinetics, while controlled release dosage forms have followed zero-order kinetics.
- In sustained release implies a slow release of the medication over a period of time and this release may or may not be controlled, Whereas the controlled release is a completely zero-order release, the medication releases over time irrespective of concentration.
- sustained-release medication is restricted to oral dosage forms whereas controlled-release medications are used in a variety of administration routes, such as oral vaginal, and transdermal administration, etc.
- In sustained release forms, the dosage is maintained for a long time and drug release is not definite per unit time, while drug release is predictable very definite per unit time in controlled-release forms.
Commonly asked questions on dosage forms are as follows.
What are the types of modified release dosage forms?
A variety of modified dosage forms are designed by pharmaceutical industries to reduce side effects as well as increase patient compliance by reducing the frequency of dosing. The classification of a modified release dosage form is sustained-release, prolonged-action, extended-release, targeted-release, delayed-release, repeat-action, and controlled-release dosage forms.
What is the importance of dosage forms?
Appropriate dosage forms are required to protect the drug from destructive influences of the atmospheric conditions such as moisture or oxygen, to deliver extended action of the drug through a control release mechanism to mask the unpleasant taste and odor, and to protect the drug from being destroyed from gastric acid of oral administration, etc.
What are the types of pharmaceutical tablets?
Different types of tablets in pharmacy are formulated and they can vary in size, shape, weight, hardness, thickness, dissolution, and disintegration. Compressed tablets, film-coated tablets, enteric-coated tablets, chewable tablets, sugar-coated tablets, effervescent tablets, buccal and sublingual tablets are some of the types of tablets.
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