The pH
is the measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a sample solution. It
expresses the degree of acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a solution. There
are different methods to determine pH paper or indicator paper, litmus paper
(Blue, Red), and indicators, etc. However, a pH meter is one of the most
accurate types of measurement and is widely used to determine the pH value in
the pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
The pH
can be determined more accurately with a pH meter that includes a probe, an
electrode, and a display. A variety of pH electrodes are available in which
glass electrodes are commonly used. Various glass electrodes are also available
in the market. Each glass electrode has special properties so they must be
carefully selected to suit the measurement application. Because the process of
taking the pH measurement changes the glass membrane of a pH glass electrode
over time. Due to exposure to water, alkali ions dissolve from the glass
surface and the oxide groups of silicates become OH groups that cause a source
layer. The use of a special pH glass electrode membrane is a reproducible
equilibrium between the solution and the glass surface, dependent only on the
hydrogen ion concentration in the solution and source layer.
In the
glass electrode method of pH determination, the recognized pH of a reference
solution is measured by two electrodes, a glass electrode, and a reference
electrode, and determining the voltage generated amongst these electrodes. The
variation in pH between the solution outside and inside the membrane generates
an electromotive force proportional to this pH difference.
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