How does solubility affect chromatography?

The solubility is the ability of a component to dissolve in a particular mobile phase or solvents such as water, alcohol, methanol, acetonitrile, and buffers, etc. Solubility does not affect on chromatography, but the dissimilarity in intermolecular forces can affect chromatography.

The solubility of an analyte is a prerequisite for the selection of any mobile phase in chromatography. The components should be soluble in solvents and should not react with it. If one analyte of the sample mixture in a given solvent is insoluble, and another analyte is freely soluble in it, it often provides better separation than an insoluble molecule.

How quick the compounds travel or separate the stationary phase depends on the following things.

• If the analytes are soluble in the solvent system then it will travel further up in paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC).
• If the molecule prefers the stationary phase, it will attach to it, causing higher retention time in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and column chromatography.
• The higher the solubility in the solvent or mobile phase used, the more rapidly the molecule will move through the column result in less retention time.

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