Different types of tablet coating are used in pharmaceutical industries, according to the properties and nature of different types of tablets. It is a process by which an essentially dry, outer layer of coating material is applied in a dosage form to provide a distinct advantage over the unreserved variety.
The coating of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms, particularly tablets, has been used for more than a century. While such a method is regularly applied to a dosage form that is functionally complete and may therefore cause one to focus on the need to incur additional costs, it is clear that the constant use of coating processes in pharmaceutical manufacturing remains quite common.
The coating of tablets is a significant step involved in the manufacture of tablet dosage forms, particularly for the tablets having delayed-release and controlled release profiles. The tablet coating has many advantages such as the taste of masking, the color, and odor of the drug, providing physical and chemical protection to the drug, protecting the API from the gastric environment.
Different types of tablet coating:
Different types of tablet coating are used for different types of tablets according to their properties and nature.
1.Sugarcoating
2.Enteric coating
3.Film coating
4.Gelatin coating
5.Compression coating
6.Other types of coating
Sugarcoating:
Sugarcoating is usually soluble in water, causing it to dissolve quickly when exposed to any liquid medium, for example, gastrointestinal fluid. The major advantage of sugar coating is that it eliminates unpleasant or bitter taste, odor, and makes it easier to swallow.
Film coating:
In tablet manufacturing, film coating is commonly used to enhance the appearance of the product and to promote swallowing. It is a thin polymer-based coating that is applied in tablet dosage forms. The film coating is a deposition of a thin film of polymer around the tablet core. There are two types of tablet film coating, aqueous film coating, and non-aqueous film coating.
Gelatin coating:
Gelatin coating tablets are made by spraying less bloom solution of gelatin and water onto pre-coated tablets, the gelatin coating provides a lower coefficient of friction and consequently increased slippery and swallowing ability for tablets without thickness and stickiness. It is suitable for both wet granulation and direct compression. The pharmaceutical manufacturers also broadly used the empty gelatin capsules to encapsulate dosage forms of various drugs.
Enteric coating:
Enteric coating tablets have a cellulose coating or other materials that prevent their degradation in stomach and make them usable in the intestine. Enteric coating is a process that is particularly prepared to work the tablet in the alkaline pH of the intestine rather than the acidic pH of the stomach.
Compression coating:
Compression coating is of the significant dry coating method that does not need either heat or solvent to perform the coating. It is used to protect the active drug component (API) from the environment and is also used to release modified medicine. The important area where compression coating is widely used is site-specific drug delivery, especially colon-specific drug delivery. Compression coating is a system in which the whole surface of an inner core is surrounded by a coat. It is widely used for particularly colon-specific drug delivery and site-specific drug delivery.
Other types of coating:
Some other types of tablet coatings are electrostatic coating, magnetically assisted impaction coating, dip coating, and rotary-die coating, etc.
Commonly asked questions on dosage forms are as follows.
What is the major advantage of tablet coating?
The major advantage of tablet coating is taste and odor masking, physical and chemical protection, protecting the drug in the stomach (API), and controlling its release profile.
Why tablets are coated?
Tablet coating is performed in pharmaceutical manufacturing for several significant reasons, some of which are - to maintain physical or chemical drug integrity, to control the site of drug release, to provide controlled, to continue, or to reduce the frequency of drug dosing.
What is the classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to physical nature?
According to physical properties, the pharmaceutical dosage forms are classified into four types such as solid dosage forms, liquid dosage forms, gaseous dosage forms, and semisolid dosage forms.
What is the difference between film coated and enteric coated tablets?
The major difference between film coated and enteric coated tablets is that sugar or film coated tablets are designed to improve taste by masking taste and odor, whereas enteric coated tablets are designed to release the drug or medication after the stomach e.g. in the intestine.
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