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Wednesday, April 17, 2019

How Does Chromatography Work

Chromatography is used to separate the mixture of analytes into their components. There are all types of chromatography methods work on a similar principle. All of them have a mobile phase (Gas/Liquid) and a stationary phase (Solid/Liquid).  The mobile phase runs through the stationary phase and moves the analytes of the mixture together. Various components travel at different rates and get separated, because of differences in the affinities of different components for the stationary and mobile phase.
As soon as the liquid begins to travel past the solid, some of its molecules are sucked towards the surface of the stationary phase and temporarily attach there before being into the liquid they originated from. This swap of molecules amongst the solid and liquid surfaces is a type of adhesive effect called adsorption. Keep in mind that the liquid is a mixture of different solvents/liquids. Every analyte passes through the adsorption in little dissimilar ways and uses less or more time in the liquid or solid phase. Compared to the liquid phase in a solid phase liquid can remain longer, therefore it will travel gradually on the solid; Another one can remain more time in liquid and less time in solid so it will be a bit more rapidly. In order to work chromatography efficiently, we require components of the mobile phase in order to separate as much as possible, since they move beyond the stationary phase.
There are different types of chromatography, here are some mentioned: thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gel permeation chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), ion-exchange chromatography, paper chromatography, affinity chromatography, column chromatography,  and gas chromatography, etc.

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