The major difference between dissolution and solubility is that the dissolution is a kinetic process, by which a solute in a solid, liquid, or gaseous phase dissolves in a solvent to form a solution, Whereas solubility is the maximum concentration of a solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a specified temperature, it is a thermodynamic process.
Dissolution and solubility are related to each other, yet there is a slight disparity amongst them. Dissolution is the procedure as solute dissolves up in medium (solvent), but solubility is the outcome of dissolution. In this process, the solid part refers to the solute, and the liquid is referred to as a solvent, several factors affect this type of reaction such as temperature, solute size, and solvent properties.
Before understanding the difference between dissolution and solubility it is important to know the three essential components involved in the term dissolution and solubility i.e. solvent, solute, and solution.
Solute: A solute is a compound that dissolves in a solvent.
Solvent: A solvent is a liquid that is used to dissolve a solute.
Solution: The mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent is referred to as a solution.
Solutes may be liquids, solids, or gas, and although solvents are usually liquids, they can also be solid and gaseous solvents.
- Dissolution is the capacity of solute to be dissolved whereas solubility is the rate of solute dissolving in a solution.
- Dissolution is a kinetic process whereas solubility is a thermodynamic process.
- In dissolution, solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution whereas solubility is the outcome of dissolution.
- Dissolution is measured in mol/s whereas solubility is measured in mol/kg.
Dissolution:
Dissolution is a kinetic process that is performed by the dissolution test apparatus (USP, IP, BP dissolution apparatus) for the oral solid dosage form and is used to find the rate of a solute dissolving in a solution, in which the process the solutes are always soluble in the medium or solvent.
Factors affecting dissolution:
- Surface area
- Physicochemical properties of the drug
- The temperature of the process
- The concentration of the solute
- Viscosity and polarity of the solvent
Solubility:
Solubility is a thermodynamic process in which the chemical property refers to the ability of a particular solute, the substance, to liquefy in the solution or solvent. Solubility is used for finding out the solute capacity to be dissolved in a particular solvent quantity, in which the process solutes are not always soluble in the medium or solvent it depends on the solute properties.
Factors affecting solubility:
- The concentration of the solute
- The temperature of the system
- The polarity of the solvent
- The polarity of the solute
- The pressure of the system
Commonly asked questions on solubility and dissolution are as follows.
How does solubility affect dissolution rate?
Both solubility and dissolution rate are two different phenomena. The solubility of the sample in a solvent may be poor, but its dissolution rate might be high. A solute, on the other hand, can be very soluble but take a long time to reach its final saturation concentration.
What is the advantage of dissolution testing?
The dissolution can determine the rate of release and the extent of absorption of the dosage forms, which is a major advantage of dissolution.
What is dissolution in chemistry?
A mechanism by which a solute in a liquid, solid, or gaseous phase dissolves in a solvent to form a solution is known as dissolution.
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