Conductivity
measurement is one of the most important needs of today's laboratories.
Laboratories that are involved with water and wastewater analysis,
pharmaceutical manufacturing, bulk drug manufacturing, biotechnology,
environmental analysis, soil analysis, metal processing, food processing, and
Agro manufacturing, etc. In that various characteristic like quality control,
pollution control, process monitoring and managing require performing
conductivity measurement regularly.
Conductivity
is the measure of the ability of the material to carry out electrical current.
Siemens “g” is the conductance basic unit and which is reciprocal of resistance
and that measured in ohms. Conductivity measurement of the sample solution
provides the degree of electrical conductivity in the definite quantity of the
solution. The electrical conductivity of the solution is similar to the number
of ions available in it and therefore the conductivity measurement of a
solution will give a reading of the solution.
The
principle by which the system measures the conductivity is simple. There are
two conductivity plates are situated in the sample and potentially apply to
them (usually ac voltage) and after that, the current is measured. By voltage
and current values, conductivity can be determined. Constant specific
conductivity can be determined to multiply the conductivity by electrode cell.
This constant is calculated by the formula as below,
Gt =
Gt cal { 1 + a (t - t cal) }
Where
Gt is Conductivity at any temperature in °C
G
tcal is Conductivity at calibration temperature in °C
a is
the Temperature coefficient of the solution
t
cal is calibration temperature.
By
considering the temperature coefficient of the sample with the modern
conductivity meter, this change can be remunerated automatically or manually.
For accurate conduct measurement, automatic temperature compensation (ATC) with
different temperature sensor is required and the standard and sample must be
measured at the same temperature. Conductivity is also used for determining the
total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity.
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