Titration is a method for determining the concentration of an analyte using a solution of known concentration (Titrant). The acid-base titration is a quantitative technique for determining the concentration of acid/base through neutralization. Typically, an indicator is used to detect the endpoint of the titration, which causes the solution's color to change.
The equivalence point (also known as the stoichiometric point) of a chemical reaction is the point where chemically equivalent amounts of reactants are mixed. According to the chemical process, the equivalence point for an acid-base reaction is where the moles of acid and moles of base neutralize each other.
The first equivalence point occurs when the first hydrogen ion H+ from the initial volume of acid is neutralized by the titrant base.
H2A + OH- →H2O+HA-
At the first equivalence point, one mole of acid reacts with one mole of a base.
The second equivalence point is the point in a titration at which both hydrogen ions H+ from the initial volume of acid have been neutralized by the titrant base.
H2A+2OH−→2H2O+A2+
At the second equivalence point, one mole of acid reacts with two moles of a base.
The titration curve is shown in the diagram below.
The volumes of strong base necessary to reach the first and second equivalence points are almost identical. The only difference between each equivalence point is the height of the steep rise.
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