Chrominfo: What are the 4 types of titration?

Learn about the types of titrations in chemistry which can be classified based on the type of substance, based on the method used for titration, based on the procedures and goals, and based on the nature of solvents and chemical reaction, etc.

A titration is a method by which a known concentration solution is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solute. The titrant is usually applied from a burette to a known compound quantity unless the reaction is complete. To indicate completeness (endpoint or equivalence point), a visual indicator (buffer or pH solution) is often used.

The titration formula can easily determine the concentration of the analyte because the volume of the titrant is already known. A conical flask, beaker, funnel, burette, and its stand, volumetric flask, pipette, wash bottle, and necessary chemicals are used to perform routine titrations to determine the concentration of a solute.

Table of Contents

Types of titration
Classification based on the titration method
Classification based on the nature of solvents and chemical reaction
Classification based on the quality of the reagents

It is one of the most common burette techniques of quantitative analysis in health care and life sciences and many industries worldwide are titrations. It is a routine laboratory work that usually has applications in many industries including pharmaceutical, agriculture, chemical, water treatment, wine, cosmetics, food, dairy products, automotive, and environmental studies, etc., and is usually taught while studying or training in classes of schools and colleges.

How to classify titration:

Titrations are divided into different types depending on the type of compound to be evaluated or the type of analysis to be performed.

Classification of titration based on the titration method:

It includes direct titration and indirect titration. Direct titration is a basic titration technique that involves the reaction between the unknown compounds and compounds with the known concentration.

Indirect titration is also known as back titration and is performed when normal titrations are slow and the endpoint is difficult to determine. It’s referred to as the reverse process of performing titrations. Generally, it involves two stages; the analyte reacts with the first reagent, which is added in excess. The reaction of the added reagent with the second reagent determines its volume.

Classification of titration based on the nature of solvents and the nature of the chemical reaction:

It includes acid-base titrations, redox titrations, precipitation titrations, and complexometric titrations, etc. Of these, the most commonly used types of titrations in quantitative chemical analysis are redox titrations and acid-base titrations.

Classification of titration based on the quality of the reagents used:

It includes strong acid along with strong base titrations, strong acid along with weak base titrations, strong base along with weak acid, and weak base along with weak acid, etc. these types are generally used in the acid-base titrations.

Different types of titration:

According to the nature of the chemical reaction taking place between the titrant and sample, there are four types of titrations such as acid-base titrations, redox titrations, precipitation titrations, and complexometric titrations, etc.

Acid-base titrations:

The acid-base titration is used to find out the unknown acid or base concentration, which is neutralized with a known concentration of acid or base. The concentration can be measured using the stoichiometry of the reaction.

It uses the neutralization reaction that takes place between the acid and the base and how it will react when the acid and base formulas are known. Strong acid-strong base, weak acid-strong base, strong acid-weak base, and weak acid-weak base are the four forms of acid-base titration.

Redox Titrations:

Redox titration is a technique of measuring the concentration of a given compound due to a redox reaction between titrant and compound. Sometimes, these forms of titrations include the use of a redox indicator or potentiometer. It works based on the reaction of oxidation-reduction between the compound and the titrant.

Determining the concentration of unknown compounds is one of the most common laboratory methods. The major types of redox titrations are iodometry or iodimetry, bromatometry, cerimetry, permanganometry, and dichrometry, etc.

Precipitation Titrations:

Precipitation titration is a titrimetric method that involves the formation of precipitates during the process of titration. In which the titrant reacts with the compound and forms an insoluble matter and this titration continued until the final drop of the compound is consumed. If the titrant is excess it will react with the indicator and indicate to end the titration process.

According to the endpoint detection method, precipitation titration has three major types that are widely used, depending on the type of applications, such as Mohr's method, Volhard’s method, and Fagan’s method.

Complexometric Titrations:

In this type of titration, the metal ion reacts with the indicator and forms a metal indicator complex. Subsequently, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is added that reacts with a metal ion to form a metal-EDTA complex that is extra stable than the metal-indicator complex. Hence the metal-indicator complex subsequently breaks down and gives free metal ions to react with EDTA.

Free metal ions are not present at the equivalence point and therefore free indicator ion provides a color that is distinct from the metal indicator complex color. Back titration, replacement titration, direct titration, and indirect titration are the types of complexometric titration.

Commonly asked quotations on titration are as follows.

What is the main purpose of titration?

The basic purpose of titration is to determine the unknown concentration in a sample using an analytical method.

What are the different indicators used in the titration method?

Phenolphthalein, methyl violet, methyl red, methyl yellow, methyl orange, eriochrome black T, litmus, bromothymol blue, crystal violet, sodium diphenylamine, p-nitrophenol, starch indicator, and thymol blue are the different types of indicators used in titration methods according to the reaction.

What are the different instruments used in the titration method?

Different types of instruments, such as an automatic titrator, a pH meter, a conductivity meter (conductometry), a potentiometer, a Karl-Fischer titrator, colorimeter, thermometric titrator, and amperometry, etc. are can be used in a variety of industries to perform precise titration.

What is double titration with example?

Double Titration means two titrations are done in a process, In which the first titration is used to standardize the titrant, while the second titration is used to determine the molarity of the titrand. For example, calculate the molarity of hydrochloric acid (acid) by titrating it with sodium hydroxide (base).

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Friday, July 23, 2021

What are the 4 types of titration?