How does temperature affect paper chromatography?

Paper chromatography is a technique in chemistry that is used to separate a complex mixture of components or solutes with varying solubility and a degree of adsorption. In this technique applying a sample (dot) near one corner of the paper and the mobile phase runs throughout the paper and samples can be separated according to the affinity toward the stationary phase. Both thin layer chromatography (TLC) and paper chromatography work on the same principle.

Temperature can affect the separation of components in all chromatography types. If the temperature rises, the heat transfers further energy to the solvent-giving the molecule the power to escape from the surface of the liquid hence increases the transfer of liquid to the vapor phase. 

Paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) has two counteracting effects of temperature first is the changes in the retention time, that is, if the temperature increases, the retention decreases, and the second one are increased temperature will reduce the elution strength of the molecule and density of the mobile phase. The temperature also affects the solubility of substances, the more the temperature, the more the solubility of the substances.

 

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