Exposure of molecules may produce photolytic degradation. The degradation rate of Photolytic degradation depends on the quantity of light and the intensity of light absorbed by the molecule. Photolytic degradation is carried by exposing the molecules in visible and UV light. The range of 300-800 NM is usually accepted wavelength of light that causes of photolytic degradation. It occurs through the oxidative photolytic reaction.
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Wednesday, May 23, 2018
Thermal Degradation
In common, the rate of a reaction, raise to rise in temperature. Therefore, the molecules are vulnerable to degrade at a higher temperature. Many Molecules are responsive to heat or tropical temp. Like peptides and vitamins etc. Hydrolysis, pyrolysis, Isomerization, decarboxylation, polymerization, and rearrangement these are the reactions is involved in thermal degradation. Thermal degradation study base on equation K= Ae-Ea/RT called an Arrhenius equation. Generally, thermal degradation carried between the 40˚C to 80˚C.
Oxidative Degradation
Several molecules go through autoxidation. Like, Oxidation under regular storage form and relating ground state elemental oxygen. Therefore, it is a significant degradation way of several molecules. The autoxidation is the reaction of free radical that has need of a free radical initiator to commence the chain reaction, trace levels of impurities or metal ions, in a molecule work as initiators in autoxidation. The degradation of oxidative methods of molecule engages electron transfer mechanism to appear reactive cations and anions. Hydrogen peroxide is extremely general oxidant to generate degradation products of oxidative which can occur as slight impurities throughout long-term studies of stability. It is used in the different concentration of 3 to 30% at a temperature not more than 40 ˚C for 2 to 8 days.
To get degraded samples in the oxidative degradation possible from about 1% to 30%. The oxidative stress study is, to begin with, 3,% H2O2 at room temperature for 6 hours and it can be increased or decreased to get enough degradation. For oxidative degradation treat sample with 1% H2O2 not more than 30°C for 30 min.
To get degraded samples in the oxidative degradation possible from about 1% to 30%. The oxidative stress study is, to begin with, 3,% H2O2 at room temperature for 6 hours and it can be increased or decreased to get enough degradation. For oxidative degradation treat sample with 1% H2O2 not more than 30°C for 30 min.
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Hydrolytic Degradation
Hydrolysis degradation is one of the common chemical reactions of different pH range. This is a solvolytic process in which the molecule reacts with H2O to degrade the products of different chemical compositions. Water or moisture in the environment gets contact with drug product or substance is responsible to degrade the most drugs. Hydrolytic study performs under the acidic and basic condition that engages catalyzation of ionizable functional groups, there in the molecule. Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are used for preparing basic and acidic samples, it can analyze by using reflux of molecule at 0.1 N Sodium hydroxide / hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 30 minutes. If more degradation found to decrease the strength of acid/base and reaction time if required degradation found then stop the process. But if no degradation is observed, then increase the strength of acid/base for an extended time. For the hydrolytic decomposition generally, pH and temperature are the main determinants in the stability of the molecule prone. The concentration of hydroxyl and hydronium ions affect the Hydrolysis of most of the molecules, therefore the pH at which every molecule is optimally stable can determine.
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| Forced Degradation or Stress Study Oxidative Degradation Thermal Degradation Photolytic Degradation Method Validation |
Mahesh Patil
Forced Degradation or Stress Study
The stability of drug products or substance is a significant parameter which may be affecting the safety, purity, and potency. The Forced degradation studies or stability indicating methods of chromatography are used for the analysis of stability of samples in different pharmaceutical manufacturing. These studies use to show the molecule chemical behavior which helps to develop formulation and packaging. Forced Degradation or stress study usually involves exposure of drug substances or product to humidity, heat, and light for solid-state studies, and also exposed to a different range of pH for solution-state studies the drug. This method is able to detect the loss of the analytes and consequently raise in degradation products. Preferably, loss in active component or product and raise in degradation products analyzed by an analytical method. The degradation study should achieve 10 to 30 % degradation of your analyte and all degradations should be properly separated by the column and from the analyte.
Various conditions for degradation are as follows.
- Hydrolytic Degradation
- Oxidative Degradation
- Thermal Degradation
- Photolytic Degradation
These are the studies of forced degradation that is used in the chromatographic analysis.
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Thursday, May 17, 2018
Benefits of Green Tea
Green tea a healthier beverage as coffee and different types of tea, green tea famous for its powerful antioxidative, anticarcinogenic antibacterial and antifungal properties. It holds a powerful antioxidant named as polyphenols that help you to keep healthy body, hair, and skin, it helps to block the growth of cancer cells, fat loss, it also enhanced brain function.
Green tea originated in China has now hugely popular all over the world. Due to the numerous health benefits of green tea a majority of the people have changed the drinking of black tea to green tea, it is also used in beverages, cosmetics, health foods, dietary supplements, several Scientific and medical studies, it has low content of caffeine, and Green tea is derived from the plant leaves called as Camellia sinensis.
Green tea originated in China has now hugely popular all over the world. Due to the numerous health benefits of green tea a majority of the people have changed the drinking of black tea to green tea, it is also used in beverages, cosmetics, health foods, dietary supplements, several Scientific and medical studies, it has low content of caffeine, and Green tea is derived from the plant leaves called as Camellia sinensis.
Green tea available in numbers of varieties with thousands of health benefits lets check out some health benefits of green tea.
Green tea has powerful antioxidants make you healthy
Green tea protects from different types of cancer
Green tea has Anti-Inflammatory properties
Green tea is used in Skincare
Green tea improved your brain function
Green tea is used to weight loss
Green tea prevents heart diseases
Green tea is used to lower the bad cholesterol
Green tea controls your blood pressure
Green tea improves your dental health
Green tea prevents type 2 diabetes
Green tea prevents skin diseases
Green tea prevents Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
Benefits of Ginger
Ginger is well known as Zingiber Officinale is the most ancient spices uses worldwide. However, in most Asian countries, it is used directly by chopping it and also uses its powder in traditional dishes. Its uses in soft drinks like tea and coffee due to its fragrance, oil extracted by perfume manufacturer since ancient times. It has become recognized for its health benefits, which contain its ability to prevent various types of cancer, boost bone health, enhance sexual activity increase appetite, eliminate arthritis symptoms, strengthen the immune system, aid in digestion, reduce excess gas, improve respiratory conditions, and relieve pains related to nausea, flu, and menstrual disorders.
Ginger is not only known for its essence and spice, but it is also known for the oldest remedies for curing inflammation and diarrhea. In Ayurveda, it has been observed it can prevent air sickness, reduce joint pain and improve digestion.
Let’s check out the health benefits of Ginger.
Ginger is highly effective against the nausea
Ginger may reduce muscle pain
Ginger contains anti-inflammatory effects
Ginger contains potent anti-diabetic properties
Ginger useful in menstrual pain
Ginger is used to reducing total cholesterol and blood triglycerides
Ginger good for stroke and heart disease
Ginger is a natural remedy for nausea.
Ginger effective digestive aid
Ginger boosts the immune system
Ginger contains antifungal properties
Ginger reduce arthritis pain
Ginger naturally cures the diabetes
Ginger is used to healing ulcers
There are many forms and ways to use ginger for health benefits. The most common forms of ginger include raw ginger, essential oil, ginger tea, and ginger powder.
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Benefits of Cycling Exercise
To be healthy and fit person you have to be physically active. Regular exercise can reduce the risk of your health issues that are associated with your sedentary lifestyle, regular exercise can help keep away from diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, obesity, and mental illness. Cycling is one of the simple ways to exercise into your each day routine. Cycling is a low impact exercise, healthy that can be executed with the enjoy by the people of all ages, like younger to older adults. Cycling is cheap, good for the environment and gives fun also.
Cycling exercise is complete body workouts that keep you healthy, it will keep you fit both the inside and outside of the body. Now with our current busy schedules that have not able to spend time in the gym, going for a run or walk. So cycling in today’s life can be enjoyed by all age peoples in the form of exercise, traveling, the enjoyment which gives good muscle and bone health. Cycling is an aerobic type of activity will allow you to breathe deeper, perspire, increase your body temperature which helps to give more oxygen to our blood vessels, heart, and lungs overall riding a cycle give good benefits to your health to stay fit and fine.
Let’s check out some health benefits of cycling Exercise.
Cycling increase your cardiovascular fitness
Cycling exercise saves time compared to others like gym
Cycling increased your strength and flexibility of muscles
Cycling is an easy way compared to other sports.
Cycling improved your joint mobility
Cycling is good for your strength and stamina
Cycling decreased your stress levels
Cycling makes stronger bones
Cycling decrease your body fat levels
Cycling has a low impact is suitable for all
Cycling has helped to increase immunity power
Cycling helps to weight loss
Cycling has fun to reduce anxiety and depression
Cycling is Eco-friendly
Cycling is a cheap and safe mode of transport
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Benefits of Coconut Water
Coconut water is a clear liquid like water found into the immature green coconuts, it is naturally refreshing water with a nutty taste. It contains simply digested carbohydrate in the type of electrolytes and sugar. The Scientist is Cocos nucifera and Family is Arecaceae its Origin from South East Asia. They are available different variables and in little different taste water, it’s depending on where they are grown. The taste and nutrition’s of coconut water is dissimilar to coconut oil and coconut milk both are made from the tissue of the coconut.
It contains fewer calories, more potassium, and less sodium than the sports drink. Coconut water contains Calcium, Carbs, Magnesium, Manganese, Fiber, Protein, Vitamin C, calories, sugar, potassium, and sodium. IIt also contains antioxidant properties. Coconut water encloses less sugar than the sports drinks also less sugar than the various fruit juices and sodas. Coconut water is a superior choice for kids and adults looking for a drink that is less sweet/sugar. It’s very good to replenish electrolytes and restoring hydration lost during the exercise. It may be also the best beverage for keeping blood pressure under control
It contains fewer calories, more potassium, and less sodium than the sports drink. Coconut water contains Calcium, Carbs, Magnesium, Manganese, Fiber, Protein, Vitamin C, calories, sugar, potassium, and sodium. IIt also contains antioxidant properties. Coconut water encloses less sugar than the sports drinks also less sugar than the various fruit juices and sodas. Coconut water is a superior choice for kids and adults looking for a drink that is less sweet/sugar. It’s very good to replenish electrolytes and restoring hydration lost during the exercise. It may be also the best beverage for keeping blood pressure under control
Coconut water is a Good source of several nutrients and its many health benefits, let’s check out.
- Restoring hydration
- Treats diarrhea
- Give instant energy
- Good for heart health
- Prevents kidney stones
- Aids digestion
- Prevents and treats dehydration
- Boosts immunity
- Lowers blood pressure
- Good for eye health
- Strengthens bones
- Electrolyte replacement
- Controls dandruff
- Stimulates hair growth
- Prevents hair loss
- Treats damaged hair
- Balances ph levels
- Has antimicrobial properties
- Reduces fever
- The healthy alternative to sport drinks
- Has antitumor properties
- Boosts memory
- Treats constipation
- Moisturizes skin
- Works as natural cleanser and toner
- Helps to reduce pigmentation
- Reduces the signs of aging
- Helps to reduce acne
- Treats skin infections
These are the health benefits of Coconut water, so take the natural drink and stay healthy.
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Benefits of Avocado
Avocados are a mineral fruit that cultivates in warm weather. It also recognized as butter fruit or alligator pear, the avocado fruit that gives an extensive amount of monounsaturated fatty acids. Avocado has more fatty acid and has low levels of cholesterol and holds almost 20 different types of vitamins and minerals.
The avocado fruit is a quite unique kind due to its gives numbers of vitamins and minerals, most fruit consists mainly of carbohydrate, as avocado is high in fats. Avocado fruits consist of vitamin C, vitamin K, vitamin B6, vitamin E, pantothenic acid, fat, Calories, Folate, dietary fiber, carbohydrates, magnesium, potassium, iron, total sugar and Antioxidant phytochemicals, for example, glutathione, beta-sitosterol, and lutein.
The avocado fruit has powerful health benefits, let's check it out.
Avocado can improve digestion.
Avocado can treat arthritis.
Avocado can help to enhance antioxidant properties.
Avocado can decrease the risk of depression.
Avocado can control diabetes.
Avocado can enhance heart health.
Avocados give protection against cancer.
Avocado maintains healthy skin.
Avocado helps in preventing bad breath.
Avocados use as aphrodisiacs.
Avocado prevents from vitamin k deficiency.
Avocado keeps eyes healthy.
Avocado has antimicrobial activity.
Avocado reduced risk of cartilage defects.
Avocado can support healthy function of the liver.
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Benefits of Jamun or Black Plum
Benefits of Coconut Water
Benefits of Cycling Exercise
Benefits of Ginger
Benefits of Green Tea
Benefits of Coconut Water
Benefits of Cycling Exercise
Benefits of Ginger
Benefits of Green Tea
Monday, May 14, 2018
Benefits of Jamun or Black Plum
Jamun or Black plum tree was originated in India and very well-known fruit for its medicinal and health benefits. It is a delicious and sweet fruit found during the summer season. The black plum is recognized for its variety of nutrients and vitamins use as diuretic carminative, relieve stomach pain and have anti-scorbutic properties. Black plum vinegar is helping to reduce swelling of the spleen, prevent urine retention problems and diarrhea. Jamun is also effective against diabetes, heart diseases, cancer, asthma, and arthritis. It is also useful to cure digestive disorders and work as a tonic to increase sexual activity.
The Jamun have a variety of healthiest nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. They have a good source of vitamins like vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin K, and Folate, Also good source of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B-6, and vitamin E. There are some minerals present in Jamun /Black plum also contains magnesium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous fluoride, zinc, and iron. They have dietary fiber and a low amount of calories, alkaloid, albumen, fatty resin, gallic acid, and fats.
Jamun or Black plum for diabetes treatment
Jamun fruit and leaves are very good that a patient who is suffering from diabetes. Because it has a low glycemic index and anti-diabetic properties. Also, have hypoglycemic effects that contain jamboline that control the conversion of starch into sugar. Black plum assists to convert the starch to energy and keep blood sugar levels, the sugar patient must eat Jamun regularly with the summer season to get the benefit. Jamun /Black plum decreases the symptom of diabetes. The extract of seeds, leaves, and bark are also beneficial in diabetes treatment.
The several benefits of Jamun are as follows.
Jamun /Black plum is best for prevention/treatment of diabetes.
Jamun /Black plum holds Antioxidant properties
Jamun /Black plum has anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects.
Jamun /Black plum is good for a healthy heart.
Jamun /Black plum leaves treat ulcers.
Jamun /Black plum good in Liver disorders.
Jamun /Black plum prevents Cancer.
Jamun /Black plum treats digestive disorder.
Jamun /Black plum enhances immune system.
Jamun /Black plum relieves stomach pain.
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Benefits of Kiwifruit
Benefits of Almonds
Benefits of Aloe Vera
Benefits of Apple
Benefits of Banana
Benefits of Avocado
Benefits of Coconut Water
Benefits of Cycling Exercise
Benefits of Ginger
Benefits of Green Tea
Health Benefits of Banana
Bananas are really tasty and healthy fruit, it is commonly available across the world. It contains a number of vital nutrients and also benefits for digestion, weight loss, and health of the heart. It's also a very handy snack food for us, banana is used as an instant energy boost. It's also really good for the stomach. Most of normal home has medication because of an upset stomach and here using bananas as medicine along with some other constituent. In a single piece of banana contains 80-90 calories with a little amount of protein and have no fat in banana. It gives a number of vitamins and minerals like Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Manganese, Riboflavin, Vitamin C, Dietary Fiber, Folate, Protein, Niacin, Magnesium, and Iron. It also consists of starch and potassium.
Here are some health benefits of banana being.
Banana is commonly available and the best choice for breakfast.
Bananas use to Improve Digestive Health.
Banana useful for Kidney Health.
Banana useful to Weight Loss.
Banana useful in Exercise to increase stamina.
Banana useful to keep bones strong.
Banana useful in hair and skin care.
Banana useful to Improve Insulin Sensitivity.
Banana useful Normal Heart Function.
Banana useful Eye Health.
Banana useful in Moderate of Blood Sugar Levels.
Banana is the best Antioxidant.
Banana contain numbers of vitamins and minerals.
Benefits of Apple
Apples are the most well-liked and delicious fruit and most commonly available, apple gives numbers of health benefits due to they contain nutrients, organic compounds, vitamins, and minerals. These important nutritional elements of an apple contain vitamin C, vitamin B6, riboflavin and vitamin K. Also, it contains minerals like manganese, magnesium, potassium, and copper. Apple is a very good source of dietary fiber, content 10-12 % of fiber requirement. Apple is a powerful antioxidant due to its contain quercetin. Apple also improves digestion. You can take apple as a juice because it is a healthy option with dinner. It is also used in the fruit jam, pie, and fruit salad preparations. So eat an apple regularly and stay healthy.
Let's check some health benefits of apple.
Apple reduces the cholesterol
Apple prevents stomach disorders
Apple protect from gallstones
Apple prevents constipation
Apple prevents liver disorders
Apple prevents anemia
Apple prevents diabetes
Apple prevents heart disease
Apple prevents rheumatism
Apple protect from eye disorders
Apple protect from a variety of cancers
Apple prevents gout
Apple protect from Parkinson’s
Apple uses in dental and skin care
Apple improved digestion
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Benefits of Aloe Vera
Aloe Vera is a well known medicinal plant that used for thousands of years. It is best recognized for its treatment of skin injuries, but it’s also many other useful benefits for your health. Aloe Vera is widely used as beauty products in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries for its antibacterial properties, antioxidant properties, and antiviral properties.
The plant of Aloe Vera is short-stemmed and thick plant about 1/2 feet with spiky and bitter leaves, the leaves take hold of a sticky translucent gel which is known for its healing properties. This gel of Aloe Vera is made up about 96% water, and some organic and inorganic compound, Acemannan is vital elements found in Aloe vera. The Aloe Vera holds medicinal and nutritional compounds like vitamins, Saponins, lignin, amino acids, sugars, minerals, salicylic acid, sterols, and enzymes. It is used in the treatment of slight wounds and as an inflammatory skin disorder, traditionally Aloe Vera uses in the treatment of burn as a remedy.
Here are the health benefits of Aloe Vera:
Aloe vera has antioxidant and antibacterial properties
Aloe Vera uses for the healing of burns
Aloe vera use in dental plaque
Aloe Vera uses to treat mouth ulcers
Aloe Vera uses to reduce constipation
Aloe Vera uses to Weight-Loss
Aloe vera used for Sensitive Skin
Aloe Vera use to Reduce Stretch Marks
Aloe Vera uses to build Immunity
Aloe Vera use for Acne
Aloe Vera uses to prevent wrinkles
Aloe Vera uses to lower the blood sugar levels in diabetics
Aloe vera repairs dead skin cells
Use Aloe Vera for Hair Growth
Use Aloe Vera for Dry Skin
Benefits of Almonds
Almonds nuts are found in different countries. Sweet almonds, nuts are edible and bitter ones are used to make almond oil. Generally, almonds were eaten raw, but many people’s use them in casseroles, salads, and other dishes as ingredients and garnish them. For better absorption of almond nutrients, you can eat them in empty stomach and also the best way for quick benefits soak it overnight in water then eat them in the morning. Almonds have a good source of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, which is helpful in lowering bad cholesterol. Eating almonds regularly can help rise in HDL cholesterol levels.
Almonds have a very impressive nutrition profile include of vitamins and minerals like Fiber, Protein, Manganese, Vitamin E, Fat, and Magnesium, They also contain a small amount of vitamin B2, copper, and phosphorus. Almonds are a good source of antioxidants; it helps to prevent oxidative stress. Almonds have decreased the risk of heart disease. Many nutrients in almonds help to give better heart health. Magnesium in almond which is preventing hypertension and heart attacks. As per Ayurveda that almonds are able to increase brain capacity, longevity, and intellectual ability.
Health Benefits of almonds are as follows.
Almonds bear healthy brain function
Almonds useful in lowering the bad cholesterol
Almonds useful in lowering the bad cholesterol
Almonds protect cell membranes
Almonds prevent cancer
Almonds have anti-inflammation action
Almonds keep the immune system strong
Almonds help prevent heart attacks and disease
Almonds have a good amount of nutrients
Almonds have antioxidants
Almonds use to maintain skin health
Almonds control our blood sugar levels
Almonds prevent diabetes
Almonds use for weight loss
Almonds use to get better the hair quality and reduce the hair fall.
Almonds use in skin care
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Benefits of Kiwifruit
Kiwifruit is small fruits that offer plenty of flavor and numbers of health benefits. It is originated in China. It’s also known as the Chinese gooseberry. This is not an ordinary fruit, which is famous for its health benefits since ancient times. Kiwifruit holds a good amount of vitamin C along with some phenolic and carotenoids components which support good health. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant, which reduces free radicals that cause inflammation or cancer. It also helps to improve the immunity of the body. It contains nutrients like vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, Folate, potassium, copper and also has strong antioxidants and is a good source of fiber. Kiwifruit holds low calories, but high in energy; make them a good choice for people they want to lose weight. Kiwifruit is useful to reduce symptoms associated with respiratory illnesses and digestive illnesses. Nutrition of Kiwi fruit is best to keep bone growth and eye health.
Health benefits of Kiwi fruit are as follows.
Kiwifruit Helps in Digestion
Kiwifruit prevents from constipation
Kiwifruit have Folate and its beneficial for pregnant women
Kiwifruit improves your Respiratory illness
Kiwifruit prevent several diseases of the eye
Kiwifruit preventing form skin degradation
Kiwifruit gives better sleep onset and efficiency
Kiwifruit reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease
Kiwifruit improves your bone health
Kiwifruit improves your immune system
Saturday, May 12, 2018
Rougdness
In this study of method validation use the different parameter like to do the analysis by different chromatographer in the same laboratory. Use the different system, use a different manufacturer of solvents and reagents, do the analysis on the different analytical column, do the analysis in another laboratory.
Accuracy
Precision
Specificity
Limit of Detection (LOD)
Limit of Quantitation (LOQ)
Linearity
Range
Robustness
Mahesh Patil
Robustness
The rigid method is that which tolerates the slight diversity in the situation of experimental conditions and can easily run by the average chromatographer on a different system at different places and should not necessary to use the same system to apply the method.